In the 1990s, economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense redevelopment of the city, especially the Pudong New Area, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment. [57] Its importance to the fiscal well-being of the central government also denied it from economic liberalizations begun in 1978. Yan Jin. Mi Fu, a scholar and artist of the Song dynasty, served as its mayor. 2 High School Attached to East China Normal University, High School Affiliated to Fudan University, and High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University—are termed "The Four Schools" ("四校") of Shanghai. Being located on the coast of the East China Sea and at the estuary of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is significantly influenced by humid subtropical monsoon circulation and experiences four distinct seasons, with a mean annual temperature of 15.8 °C and an annual precipitation of 1149 mm. It measured 10 m (33 ft) high and 5 km (3 mi) in circumference. Shanghai is an international center of research and development and is ranked 5th globally and 2nd in the whole Asia and the Pacific (after Beijing) by scientific research, as tracked by the Nature Index. On 1 July 2019, Shanghai adopted a new garbage-classification system that sorts out waste into residual waste, kitchen waste, recyclable waste, and hazardous waste. Shanghai expats typically take days off from work, and some companies may grant a day or half a day off to employees. As of 2020, Shanghai is classified as an Alpha+ (global first-tier) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. [267] A small troupe from Shengxian (now Shengzhou) also began to promote Yue opera on the Shanghainese stage. The Shanghai Islamic Association is located in the Xiaotaoyuan Mosque in Huangpu. Shanghai is a major hub of China's expressway network. [133], In September 2013 with the backing of Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, the city launched the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone—the first free-trade zone in mainland China. Singapore experiences no distinct seasons, the way visitors from temperate regions understand them. Following a 45-year dormancy after the founding of the PRC in 1949, the club was re-established in 1994 by expatriates living in the city and has since grown to over 300 members. Seven of the districts govern Puxi (lit. [254], The Songjiang School (淞江派), containing the Huating School (华亭派) founded by Gu Zhengyi,[255] was a small painting school in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. [253] Both Benbang and Haipai cuisine make use of a variety of seafood, including freshwater fish, shrimps, and crabs. Danielson, Eric N., Shanghai and the Yangtze Delta, 2004, pp.10–11. [154], Due to its cosmopolitan history, Shanghai has a blend of religious heritage; religious buildings and institutions are scattered around the city. In regard to foreign publications in Shanghai, Hartmut Walravens of the IFLA Newspapers Section said that when the Japanese controlled Shanghai in the 1940s "it was very difficult to publish good papers – one either had to concentrate on emigration problems, or cooperate like the Chronicle".[318]. People who stayed in the occupied city suffered on a daily basis, experiencing hunger, oppression, or death. [277] Shanghai Fashion Week is considered to be an event of national significance featuring both international and Chinese designers. [303] During the December 2013 Eastern China smog, air pollution rates reached between 23 and 31 times the international standard. [215] All are connected to the metro network and serve as hubs in the railway network of China. The refugees from Europe were interned into a cramped ghetto in the Hongkou District,[51] and after the Japanese invasion of Pearl Harbor, even the Iraqi Jews who had been living in Shanghai from before the outbreak of WWII were interned. The expressway network within the city center consists of North–South Elevated Road, Yan'an Elevated Road, and Inner Ring Road. During World War II, thousands of Jews emigrated to Shanghai in an effort to flee Nazi Germany. Thursday 4th February Saudi International. Developments on the coronavirus front will likely continue to be monitored by investors and could weigh on sentiment. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −10.1 °C (14 °F) on 31 January 1977 (unofficial record of −12.1 °C (10 °F) was set on 19 January 1893) to 40.9 °C (106 °F) on 21 July 2017 at a weather station in Xujiahui. Overall, October in China is the best month for the weather. [228] Yangshan Port was built in 2005 because the river was unsuitable for docking large container ships. Signature dishes of Benbang cuisine include Xiaolongbao, Red braised pork belly, and Shanghai hairy crab. Royal Greens GCC Royal Greens GCC. [49] The foreign concessions were ultimately occupied by the Japanese on 8 December 1941 and remained occupied until Japan's surrender in 1945; multiple war crimes were committed during that time.[50]. [201] In 2018, the steel wheeled Songjiang Tram started operating in Songjiang District. The land is formed by the Yangtze's natural deposition and modern land reclamation projects. [11], According to the Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau, about 157,900 residents in Shanghai are foreigners, including 28,900 Japanese, 21,900 Americans and, 20,800 Koreans. The Shanghai cricket team played various international matches between 1866 and 1948. [165], The vernacular language spoken in the city is Shanghainese, a dialect of the Taihu Wu subgroup of the Wu Chinese family. 华亭[c] (Huátíng) was another early name for Shanghai. [24] Fishermen living in the Shanghai area then created a fish tool called the hù, which lent its name to the outlet of Suzhou Creek north of the Old City and became a common nickname and abbreviation for the city. Authorities pulled nearly one-third of government vehicles from the roads, while much construction work was halted. A central aspect of its design is the transparent second skin that wraps around the entire building. [70] His most notable Art Deco buildings include the Park Hotel, the Grand Cinema, and the Paramount. [44] These Shanghai Russians constituted the second-largest foreign community. [211] As of December 2018[update], bicycle-sharing systems had an average of 1.15 million daily riders within the city. [48] In 1937, the Battle of Shanghai resulted in the occupation of the Chinese-administered parts of Shanghai outside of the International Settlement and the French Concession. Shanghai has four major railway stations: Shanghai railway station, Shanghai South railway station, Shanghai West railway station, and Shanghai Hongqiao railway station. As of 2015[update], these county-level divisions are further divided into the following 210 township-level divisions: 109 towns, 2 townships, and 99 subdistricts. The city has many Chinese–foreign joint education institutes [zh], such as the Shanghai University–University of Technology Sydney Business School since 1994, the University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute since 2006, and New York University Shanghai—the first China–U.S. [89] The party's committee [zh] acts as the top policy-formulation body, and is typically composed of 12 members (including the secretary). The former district of Nanhui was absorbed into Pudong District in 2009. The city was one of five treaty ports forced open to foreign trade after the First Opium War. Vegetation can be grown in the courtyard, and it can also allow for sunlight and ventilation to the rooms. [27] From the Yuan dynasty in 1292 until Shanghai officially became a municipality in 1927, central Shanghai was administered as a county under Songjiang Prefecture, which had its seat in the present-day Songjiang District. If you just go by historical averages, it looks like nice weather in the mid-50s to low-70s. In addition, the Chinese Painting Academy features traditional Chinese painting,[262] while the Power Station of Art displays contemporary art. 2 High School Attached to East China Normal University, High School Affiliated to Fudan University, High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, bridge–tunnel complex across Yangtze River, Along the River During the Qingming Festival, Museum of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Former Site of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival, List of twin towns and sister cities in China, List of economic and technological development zones in Shanghai, Shanghai International Football Tournament, Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, "The Shanghainese of 6000 Years Ago – the Majiabang Culture", Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Ministry Of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, "A tale of megacities: China's largest metropolises", National Academy for Educational Research, Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China, The Life and Campaigns of Hugh, First Viscount Gough, Field-Marshal, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Literature, Social Life, Arts, and History of the Chinese Empire and its Inhabitants, "Shanghai: Global financial center? [209][210] The Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge is the city's only bridge–tunnel complex across Yangtze River. Chapter 4 – Population, A Description of the Oriental Library Before and After the Destruction by Japanese on February 1, 1932, 149 comfort women houses discovered in Shanghai, https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/11/shanghais-forgotten-jewish-past/281713/, "GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020". The Bund, located by the bank of the Huangpu River, is home to a row of early 20th-century architecture, ranging in style from the neoclassical HSBC Building to the Art Deco Sassoon House (now part of the Peace Hotel). [285], Shanghai is home to many prominent Chinese professional athletes, such as basketball player Yao Ming,[283] 110-meter hurdler Liu Xiang,[286] table tennis player Wang Liqin,[287] and badminton player Wang Yihan. December avg precip: 0.1″/0.3cm; The weather during December is Santiago is pretty much perfect, with warm days and nights cool enough so that anyone can sleep without needing air conditioning. [65][66], Shanghai has a rich collection of buildings and structures of various architectural styles. Danielson, Eric N., Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta, 2004, p. 34. [29], During the Qing dynasty, Shanghai became one of the most important sea ports in the Yangtze Delta region as a result of two important central government policy changes: in 1684, the Kangxi Emperor reversed the Ming dynasty prohibition on oceangoing vessels—a ban that had been in force since 1525; and in 1732, the Qianlong Emperor moved the customs office for Jiangsu province (江海关;[e] see Customs House, Shanghai) from the prefectural capital of Songjiang to Shanghai, and gave Shanghai exclusive control over customs collections for Jiangsu's foreign trade. [143][144] Several preferential policies have been implemented to attract foreign investment in various industries to the zone. It has the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world and highly ranked institutions including Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tongji University, and East China Normal University. [187] As of October 2019[update], the city's National College Entrance Examination (Gaokao) is structured under the "3+3" system, in which all general senior high school students study three compulsory subjects (Chinese, English, and math) and three subjects chosen from six options (physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, and politics). [212], Private car ownership in Shanghai is rapidly increasing: in 2019, there were 3.40 million private cars in the city, a 12.5% increase from 2018. Saudi International. [133] As of 2019[update], the city had 71 five star hotels, 61 four star hotels, 1,758 travel agencies, 113 rated tourist attractions, and 34 red tourist attractions. [200] Shanghai reintroduced trams in 2010, as a modern rubber-tire Translohr system in Zhangjiang area of East Shanghai as Zhangjiang Tram. The difference, though, is hardly noticeable: even the “dry” season sees … Averages are for Shanghai Hongqiao Airport, which is 9 miles from Shanghai. The Shanghai Disney Resort Project was approved by the government on 4 November 2009[299] and opened in 2016. [109], Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming economy of China. [260] During the Republic of China, many famous artists including Zhang Daqian, Liu Haisu, Xu Beihong, Feng Zikai, and Yan Wenliang settled in Shanghai, allowing it to gradually become the art center of China. [117] In 2019, the average annual disposable income of Shanghai's residents was CN¥69,442 (US$9,808) per capita, making it one of the wealthiest cities in China,[10] but also the most expensive city in mainland China to live in according to a 2017 study by the Economist Intelligence Unit. In addition, there are numerous smaller, specialist museums housed in important archaeological and historical sites, such as the Songze Museum,[247] the Museum of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the Former Site of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea [zh; ko],[248] the Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum, and the Shanghai Post Office Museum [zh] (located in the General Post Office Building). However, the Jewish refugees' stay in Kobe was short as the Japanese government transferred them to Shanghai by November 1941. [36], The First Sino-Japanese War concluded with the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki, which elevated Japan to become another foreign power in Shanghai. [71] Other prominent architects who contributed to the Art Deco style are Clement Palmer and Arthur Turner, who together designed the Peace Hotel, the Metropole Hotel, and the Broadway Mansions;[72] and Austrian architect GH Gonda, who designed the Capitol Theater. [317], Media in Shanghai [zh] covers newspapers, publisher, broadcast, television, and Internet, with some media having influence over the country. Some foreign embassies, consulates, and international organizations may give several days off for Christmas. [23] During the Spring and Autumn period (approximately 771 to 476 BC), it belonged to the Kingdom of Wu, which was conquered by the Kingdom of Yue, which in turn was conquered by the Kingdom of Chu. [164], Shanghai has several folk religious temples, including the City God Temple at the heart of the Old City, the Dajing Ge Pavilion dedicated to the Three Kingdoms general Guan Yu, the Confucian Temple of Shanghai, and a major Taoist center Shanghai White Cloud Temple [zh] where the Shanghai Taoist Association locates. [308], On 23 January 2014, Yang Xiong, the mayor of Shanghai, announced that three main measures would be taken to manage the air pollution in Shanghai, along with surrounding Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces. [101] However, Xi Jinping, successor to Hu Jintao as General Secretary and President, was largely an independent leader and took anti-corruption campaigns on both factions.[102]. [10] New private cars cannot be driven without a license plate, which are sold in monthly license plate auctions. The east is a little warmer. [32] The Treaty of the Bogue, the Treaty of Wanghia, and the Treaty of Whampoa (signed in 1843, 1844, and 1844, respectively) forced Chinese concession to European and American desires for visitation and trade on Chinese soil. This honor was usually reserved for prefectural capitals and not normally given to a mere county seat such as Shanghai. By the end of 2019, Shanghai had 64 universities and colleges, 929 secondary schools, 698 primary schools, and 31 special schools. [10] The city's compulsory education system is among the best in the world: in 2009 and 2012, 15-year-old students from Shanghai ranked first in every subject (math, reading, and science) in the Program for International Student Assessment, a worldwide study of academic performance conducted by the OECD. Shanghai—Lujiazui in particular—has numerous skyscrapers, making it the fifth city in the world with the most skyscrapers. [204] Bus fares generally cost CN¥2 (US$0.32). Beijing: The City of Shanghai has imposed lockdowns on two of China’s best-known hospitals after they were linked to new coronavirus cases. [115] As of 2019[update], Shanghai had a GDP of CN¥3.82 trillion (US$539 billion) that makes up 3.85% of China's GDP,[10][116] and a GDP per capita of CN¥157,138 (US$22,186). The April session is also part of the one-month Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival. Secular objects like flowers and birds were often selected as themes. [41], The city flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s. [75] Each residence is connected and arranged in straight alleys, known as longtang[f] (弄堂). [110][111] The city is a global center for finance and innovation,[112][113] and a national center for commerce, trade, and transportation,[114] with the world's busiest container port—the Port of Shanghai. The first five-star hotel in the city was named after Huating. [257] The school was considered an expansion of the Wu School in Suzhou, the cultural center of the Jiangnan region at the time. [191], Opened in 2004, the Shanghai maglev train is the first and the fastest commercial high-speed maglev in the world, with a maximum operation speed of 430 km/h (267 mph). [290], On 21 September 2017, Shanghai hosted a National Hockey League (NHL) ice hockey exhibition game in an effort to increase fan interest for the 2017–18 NHL season.[291]. Although every district has its own urban core, the city hall and major administrative units are located in Huangpu District, which also serves as a commercial area, including the famous Nanjing Road. At the time, most of the city's residents were immigrants from the two adjacent provinces, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, so Shanghainese was mostly a hybrid between Southern Jiangsu and Ningbo dialects. Another film star, Jiang Qing, went on to become Madame Mao Zedong. Cultural curation in Shanghai has seen significant growth since 2013, with several new museums having been opened in the city. [68] One of the most famous architects working in Shanghai was László Hudec, a Hungarian-Slovak who lived in the city between 1918 and 1947. Shanghai has an extensive public park system; by 2018, the city had 300 parks, of which 281 had free admission, and the per capita park area was 8.2 m2 (88 sq ft). As of 2019[update], there are 17 metro lines (excluding the Shanghai maglev train and Jinshan Railway), 415 stations, and 704.91 km (438 mi) of lines in operation, making it the longest network in the world. [39], The golden age of Shanghai began with its elevation to municipality on 7 July 1927. [186] Among all senior high schools, the four with the best teaching quality—Shanghai High School, No. [190] The average fare ranges from CN¥3 (US$0.48) to CN¥9 (US$1.28), depending on the travel distance. Public awareness of the environment is growing, and the city is investing in a number of environmental protection projects. [279], Shanghai is home to several soccer teams, including two in the Chinese Super League: Shanghai Greenland Shenhua F.C. As such, it has sandy soil, and skyscrapers are to be built with deep concrete piles to avoid sinking into the soft ground. [227] The same year, Hongqiao International Airport served 43.6 million passengers, making it the 19th-busiest airport by passenger volume. [223][224], Shanghai is one of the largest air transportation hubs in Asia. pp.197–216. Every year, the city hosts numerous national and international events, including Shanghai Fashion Week, the Chinese Grand Prix, and ChinaJoy. [237] The culture fuses elements of Western cultures with the local Wuyue culture, and its influence extends to the city's literature, fashion, architecture, music, and cuisine. [98] Zeng Qinghong, a former deputy party secretary of Shanghai, also rose to the Politburo Standing Committee and became the Vice President and an influential power broker. [158], Catholicism was brought into Shanghai in 1608 by Italian missionary Lazzaro Cattaneo. SHANGHAI, Jan 11 (SMM) — Nonferrous metals on both SHFE and LME declined across the board on Monday morning. bSub-provincial cities as provincial capitals. [53], After the war, Shanghai's economy was restored—from 1949 to 1952, the city's agricultural and industrial output increased by 51.5% and 94.2%, respectively. [73] The second was before the 2010 Expo, which includes restoration of the century-old Waibaidu Bridge and reconfiguration of traffic flow. [296], One of Shanghai's newer parks is the Xujiahui Park, which was built in 1999, on the former grounds of the Great Chinese Rubber Works Factory and the EMI Recording Studio (now La Villa Rouge restaurant). Average values and totals based on weather … "The West Bank", or "West of the River Pu"), the older part of urban Shanghai on the west bank of the Huangpu River. Britain, France, and the United States all carved out outside the walled city of Shanghai, which was still ruled by the Chinese. [77], The shikumen is a cultural blend of elements found in Western architecture with traditional Jiangnan Chinese architecture and social behavior. Consulates General/consulates in Shanghai, Original Minhang District and Shanghai County until 1992. The city's first mosque, Songjiang Mosque, was built during the Zhizheng (至正) era under Emperor Huizong. SHANGHAI, Feb. 1, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Trial operations officially commenced for the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone T1 Demonstration Line in the Lin-gang New Area. Each year, there are an average of 6.2 days with snowfall and 2.8 days with snow cover. The city then flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s. 4th February to 7th February. [272] After the New Culture Movement, drama became a popular way for students and intellectuals to express their views. [128], Shanghai is a global financial center, ranking third (after New York and London) in the 28th edition of the Global Financial Centres Index (and first in Asia),[129] published in September 2020 by Z/Yen and China Development Institute. Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming economy of China. A city wall was built for the first time in 1554 to protect the town from raids by Japanese pirates. It is under the direct administration of the State Council of China. Fuxing Park, located in the former French Concession, features formal French-style gardens and is surrounded by high-end bars and cafes. [24] The historic center of the city was located on the west bank of the Huangpu (Puxi), near the mouth of Suzhou Creek, connecting it with Lake Tai and the Grand Canal. Municipality in People's Republic of China, Location of Shanghai Municipality in China. On 3 September 1945, the Chinese Army liberated the Ghetto and most of the Jews left over the next few years. [157] As of 2014[update], Buddhism in Shanghai had 114 temples, 1,182 clergical staff, and 453,300 registered followers. [149] According to the OECD, Shanghai's metropolitan area has an estimated population of 34 million. [177][178] Fudan University established a joint EMBA program with Washington University in St. Louis in 2002 which has since consistently been ranked as one of the best in the world. 4Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China. Despite rampant redevelopment, the Old City still retains some traditional architecture and designs, such as the Yu Garden, an elaborate Jiangnan style garden. Shanghai, the mainland’s commercial and financial capital, riding high on the success of Tesla’s Gigafactory 3, is on the lookout for more foreign direct investment (FDI) projects to achieve ambitious growth and employment targets the city has set this year. The zone introduced a number of pilot reforms designed to incentivize foreign investment. cSeparate state-planning cities. In July 1921, the Communist Party of China was founded in the French Concession. Established in 746 (the fifth year of the Tang Tianbao era), it developed into what historically called a "giant town of the Southeast", with thirteen temples and seven pagodas. In 2018, Shanghai hosted the first China International Import Expo (CIIE), the world's first import-themed national-level expo..mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}, The two Chinese characters in the city's name are 上 (shàng/zan, "upon") and 海 (hǎi/hae, "sea"), together meaning "Upon the Sea". The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. The north and northeast are cool and dry. [35] In 1863, the British settlement to the south of Suzhou Creek (northern Huangpu District) and the American settlement to the north (southern Hongkou District) joined in order to form the Shanghai International Settlement. Italian fashion brand Valentino has an art installation on display at Shanghai’s Power Station of Art museum until 17 January. 3Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. As of April 2020[update], Shanghai is twinned with the following regions, cities, and counties:[323], As of September 2020, Shanghai hosts 71 consulates general and 5 consulates, excluding Hong Kong and Macao trade office.[325]. The humidity hovers between 72 and 82 percent year-round. In summer and the beginning of autumn, the city is susceptible to typhoons. December Weather at Disney World. [30], In the 19th century, international attention to Shanghai grew due to European recognition of its economic and trade potential at the Yangtze. 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